Isaac Arthur argues that floating cities above gas giants like Jupiter are primarily "mass cities" rather than fusion depots, as Earth’s oceans hold sufficient deuterium for billions of years. These aerial habitats serve as critical logistics hubs, extracting abundant hydrogen, helium, and nitrogen to provide reaction mass, radiation shielding, and industrial feedstock for a spacefaring civilization. Powered by beamed solar energy and atmospheric harvesting, these large-scale structures leverage buoyancy and jet streams to refine and export bulk materials. The episode explores how these ind…