Gordon Rapinski traces Vladimir Putin’s transformation from a perceived partner to adversary, detailing how German political naivety and energy dependence enabled his rise. The episode analyzes key moments, from Putin’s 2001 Bundestag speech to his 2007 Munich Security Conference address, highlighting the failure of Ostpolitik. It critiques leaders like Schröder and Merkel for ignoring early warning signs, culminating in the annexation of Crimea and the invasion of Ukraine.