Wildlife expert Eina Nilauna joins Anton Savage to discuss how AI is helping sparrows in Buenos Aires recover lost songs from the 1960s to boost survival rates. The conversation explores how local dialects influence mate selection and territory, noting that birds with mismatched accents often have lower reproductive success. Nilauna also highlights the genetic basis of bird song, using the cuckoo’s innate ability to sing without parental teaching as a key example of this complex interplay between nature and conservation.