Journalist and scholar Hassan El-Shafei discusses his book *Counter Revolution in Egypt*, arguing that the current regime is a distinct "Second Republic" rather than a Mubarak restoration. He explains how the 2011 uprising shifted the state's primary threat perception from military coups to popular revolution, leading to the unprecedented unification of Egypt's fragmented security apparatus. The conversation covers El-Shafei’s research methods, including using US FOIA requests and obituaries to map the security state, and details the severe economic and political repression that has elimina…
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