Архитектура модерна. Лекция 2. Сецессион и югендстиль: модерн в германоязычной Европе
Summary
Лекция посвящена истории немецкого и австрийского модерна (Югендстиля) конца XIX — начала XX века. Рассматриваются основания Мюнхенского, Берлинского и Венского сецессионов как ответ на академизм, а также роль художественных колоний, таких как Дармштадтская. Особое внимание уделяется влиянию философии Ницше на творчество Питера Бенса и рациональному подходу Отто Вагнера, ставшему основой для развития функционализма и синтеза искусств.
Topics discussed
Introduction to Lecture 2: Secession and Jugendstil
Founding of the Munich Secession and origin of the name
The Berlin Secession and the 'Eleven' exhibition
Artistic colonies, communes, and anti-urban movements
Nationalism, William Morris, and the Home Protection Movement
Conflict with the Academy and Kaiser Wilhelm II's decree
Founding of the Vienna Secession after Klimt's rejection
Analysis of the Secession Building by Joseph Maria Olbrich
Otto Wagner's rationalism and functional ornamentation
The stepped tower motif and its influence on modern architecture
Geometric rationalism and the debate on ornament
Vienna Workshops and the Weimar School of Arts and Crafts
Formation of the Deutscher Werkbund and Peter Behrens
The Darmstadt Artists' Colony as a patriotic project
Infrastructure and failure of the Darmstadt colony
Peter Behrens' crystal motif and Nietzsche's influence
The 'Sign' ceremony and theatrical staging of the exhibition
Gesamtkunstwerk: Synthesis of art, theater, and architecture
Evolution of Behrens' style and Platonic sacred geometry
Teutonic monumentality and the Apollonian-Dionysian dichotomy
Reaction to irrationalism: Rationalism and industrial logic
Modern department stores and the return to classical principles
Conclusion and preview of the next lecture on Northern Europe
Listen ad-free on Castria