Архитектура модерна. Лекция 1. Ар-нуво: Франция и Бельгия как ядро модерна
Summary
This lecture explores the Art Nouveau movement (1890s–1910s), distinguishing it from later Modernism and analyzing its regional variations like Jugendstil and Liberty. It examines the style’s origins as a reaction against 19th-century eclecticism, highlighting key figures such as Victor Horta, Hector Guimard, and Henry van de Velde. The discussion covers the integration of organic forms, new materials like iron and glass, and the concept of the "Gesamtkunstwerk," while tracing how the movement evolved from an avant-garde aesthetic into a commercialized design trend across Europe.
Topics discussed
Introduction: Modern architecture examples and definition
Defining Art Nouveau vs Modernism and regional names
Origins of the term and rejection of historicism
Critique of eclecticism and bourgeois taste
Modernism as a reaction to bourgeois hegemony
Literary and social criticism of the era
Symbolism, nature, and organic ornament
Materials, textures, and the Nancy School
Gesamtkunstwerk and total design approach
Planning from inside out and metal structures
Victor Horta, Brussels, and Henry van de Velde
Hector Guimard and the Paris Metro entrances
Rationalist architects and proto-functionalism
1900 Paris Exposition and commercialization
Liberty style in Italy and social snobbery
Decline of Art Nouveau and its legacy
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